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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク HIV ribosomal frameshift signal ： ウィキペディア英語版 HIV ribosomal frameshift signal ==Overview== Intact and consistent protein biosynthesis relies on the ability of the ribosome to stay in the correct open reading frame (ORF) during translation. When the ribosome fails to maintain the proper ORF, translation usually results in either incorrect protein synthesis or early termination as a result of the introduction of a premature stop codon.〔 However, a shift in the ORF is not universally deleterious, as many viruses capitalize on this phenomenon by using a programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) to translate several proteins from the same sequence, thereby maximizing the storage capacity of their genome. Thus, many viruses (including HIV-1) are categorized as having a polycistronic genome, meaning they employ multiple active ORF’s in a single gene.〔 The HIV-1 virus requires a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signal (the HIV-1 Ribosomal Frameshift Signal) for the expression of the Pol gene, which is an example of a cis-acting element of gene regulation. In HIV-1, the ''gag'' ORF that encodes the 55 kDa Gag protein, the major viral structural protein, is located at the 5’ end of the full-length viral mRNA.〔 Translation of the 160 kDa Gag-Pol polyprotein is contingent on a -1 ribosomal frameshift event revealing the ''pol'' ORF. The ''pol'' ORF is located 3’ to the gag ORF and encodes the Pol polyprotein, which is eventually cleaved into the viral enzymatic proteins (protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase). As a result, the HIV-1 ribosomal frameshift signal is highly regulated, as it modulates the expression levels of the Gag protein relative to the Gag-Pol polyprotein. The efficiency of the HIV-1 ribosomal frameshift signal determines the ratio of the Gag to Gag-Pol proteins synthesized, with a frameshift event occurring in approximately 5% of the total translation events, resulting in a roughly 20:1 Gag/Gag-Pol ratio.〔 Preservation of this ratio has been shown to be essential to HIV-1 infectivity and structure, as even small changes in the efficiency of the frameshift lead to inhibition of viral propagation. The dependence of the HIV-1 virus on this ribosomal frameshift signal has generated interest in the frameshift as a target for novel antiviral therapeutics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HIV ribosomal frameshift signal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.